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Matthews"] ], "other_common_names": [ ["grand fir"], ["subalpine fir"] ], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["tree"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Broadwater", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Park", "Pondera", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Wheatland", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Flathead Reservation", "Kootenai Territory", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [4.5], "max_pH": [7.5], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [7000] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds"], "habitat": ["upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds", "livestock"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [true], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["shade"], "seral_stage": ["late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "flooding"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["moderate"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": ["long"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [3], "last_bloom_month": [5], "max_plant_height_ft": ["164"], "flower_color": ["white", "green"], "establishment": ["low"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": ["low"], "lifespan": ["long"], "cover": ["high"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [true], "reproduction_rate": ["moderate"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Guide<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "RNGR propagation Protocol<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "ABLA", "photo": [ ["Abies_lasiocarpa_Oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Paul Slichter"] ], "scientific_name": ["Abies lasiocarpa<\/i> (Hook.) Nutt."], "common_name": ["subalpine fir"], "indigenous_names": { "Northern Cheyenne": ["meamea ?tona"] }, "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["tree"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Park", "Pondera", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [4], "max_pH": [6.5], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [10000] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds"], "habitat": ["upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [true], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["shade"], "seral_stage": ["mid"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["low"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": ["short", "moderate"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [4], "last_bloom_month": [5], "max_plant_height_ft": ["100"], "flower_color": ["white", "green"], "establishment": ["low"], "growth_rate": ["slow"], "survival": ["low"], "lifespan": ["long"], "cover": ["high"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [true], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [true], "reproduction_rate": ["moderate"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington<\/a>", "RNGR propagation Protocol<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "ACGL", "photo": [ ["Acer_glabrum_biokic3.rc.asu.edu.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Gordon Scott"] ], "scientific_name": ["Acer glabrum<\/i> Torr."], "common_name": ["Rocky Mountain maple"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["tree"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Liberty", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Park", "Pondera", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [5.5], "max_pH": [7.5], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [7500] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds", "livestock"], "habitat": ["upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["partial"], "seral_stage": ["early"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "flooding", "drought", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["moderate"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": ["short"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [4], "last_bloom_month": [5], "max_plant_height_ft": ["40"], "flower_color": ["yellow", "green"], "establishment": ["low"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["moderate"], "cover": ["high"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington<\/a>", "RNGR propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "ACNE2", "photo": [ ["Acer_negundo_Oreganflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Wilbur L. Bluhm"] ], "scientific_name": ["Acer negundo<\/i> L."], "common_name": ["boxelder"], "indigenous_names": { "Northern Cheyenne": ["m&?&hkemaha"] }, "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["tree"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Big Horn", "Blaine", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Dawson", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Garfield", "Hill", "Judith Basin", "Liberty", "McCone", "Meagher", "Musselshell", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Powder River", "Prairie", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Sheridan", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Treasure", "Valley", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils"], "min_pH": [6.5], "max_pH": [7.5], "min_elevation_ft": [2240], "max_elevation_ft": [4500] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["song birds"], "habitat": ["deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds", "livestock"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [true], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["shade", "partial"], "seral_stage": ["early", "mid", "late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "flooding", "drought", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": [null], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [3], "last_bloom_month": [5], "max_plant_height_ft": ["70"], "flower_color": ["yellow", "green"], "establishment": ["low"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": ["low"], "lifespan": ["short"], "cover": ["moderate"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [true], "toxicity": [true], "enhances_fire": [true], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "RNGR propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "ACMIO", "photo": [ ["achillea_millefolium_wotncr.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Peter Friedman"] ], "scientific_name": ["Achillea millefolium<\/i> L. var. occidentalis<\/i> DC."], "common_name": ["western yarrow"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Achillea angustissima<\/i> Rydb."], ["Achillea aspleniifolia<\/i> auct. non Vent."], ["Achillea eradiata<\/i> Piper"], ["Achillea gracilis<\/i> Raf."], ["Achillea laxiflora<\/i> Pollard & Cockerell"], ["Achillea lanulosa<\/i> Nutt."], ["Achillea lanulosa<\/i> Nutt. var. arachnoidea<\/i> Lunell"], ["Achillea lanulosa<\/i> Nutt. var. eradiata<\/i> (Piper) M. Peck"], ["Achillea lanulosa<\/i> Nutt. ssp. typica<\/i> D.D. Keck"], ["Achillea millefolium<\/i> L. var. aspleniifolia<\/i> (Vent.) Farw."], ["Achillea millefolium<\/i> L. var. gracilis<\/i> (Raf.) Raf. ex DC."], ["Achillea millefolium<\/i> L. ssp. lanulosa<\/i> (Nutt.) Piper"], ["Achillea millefolium<\/i> L. var. lanulosa<\/i> (Nutt.) Piper"], ["Achillea millefolium<\/i> L. ssp. occidentalis<\/i> (DC.) Hyl."], ["Achillea millefolium<\/i> L. ssp. pallidotegula<\/i> B. Boivin"], ["Achillea millefolium<\/i> L. var. rosea<\/i> (Desf.) Torr. & A. Gray"], ["Achillea millefolium<\/i> L. var. russeolata<\/i> B. Boivin"], ["Achillea occidentalis<\/i> (DC.) Raf. ex Rydb."], ["Achillea rosea<\/i> Desf."], ["Achillea tomentosa<\/i> Pursh, non L."] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [0.5] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Daniels", "Dawson", "Deer Lodge", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Liberty", "Lincoln", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Prairie", "Ravalli", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Sheridan", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Treasure", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["dry soils", "alakaline soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [6], "max_pH": [8], "min_elevation_ft": [2400], "max_elevation_ft": [10000] }, "habitat": [ ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["pronghorn", "upland game", "deer", "game birds"], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": ["Ca", "Mg", "Fe", "Mn", "Cu", "Zn", "Pb", "Cr"], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": ["early"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "drought", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["high"], "germination_rate": ["moderate"], "germination_requirements": ["none"], "primary_propogation_type": ["vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": ["moderate", "long"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [7], "last_bloom_month": [9], "max_plant_height_ft": ["3"], "flower_color": ["white", "pink"], "establishment": ["high"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["moderate"], "cover": ["moderate", "high"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [true], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "University of Washington<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>", "RNGR propagation Protocol<\/a>", "NA<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "ACHY", "photo": [ ["Achnatherum_hymenoides_Oreganflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Gabriel E. Campbell"] ], "scientific_name": ["Achnatherum hymenoides<\/i> (Roem. & Schult.) Barkworth"], "common_name": ["Indian ricegrass"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Eriocoma cuspidata<\/i> Nutt."], ["Oryzopsis hymenoides<\/i> (Roem. & Schult.) Ricker ex Piper"], ["Stipa hymenoides<\/i> Roem. & Schult."] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["warm"] ], "functional_group": [ ["graminoid"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [8] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Dawson", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Liberty", "Lincoln", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Musselshell", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Powder River", "Prairie", "Ravalli", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Sheridan", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Treasure", "Valley", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["dry soils", "alakaline soils"], "min_pH": [6.6], "max_pH": [8.6], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [7500] }, "habitat": [ ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["bison", "pronghorn", "upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds", "livestock"], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": ["Fe"], "enhances_fire": [true], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": ["early"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "drought", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["low"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["scarification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": ["long"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [6], "last_bloom_month": [9], "max_plant_height_ft": ["2"], "flower_color": ["yellow", "green"], "establishment": ["low"], "growth_rate": ["moderate"], "survival": ["moderate"], "lifespan": ["short"], "cover": [null], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [true], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "ACRI8", "photo": [ ["Achnatherum_richardsonii_seedhead_oregonflora.org.jpg"], ["Achnatherum_richardsonii_leaves_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Robert L. Carr"] ], "scientific_name": ["Achnatherum richardsonii<\/i> (Link) Barkworth"], "common_name": ["Richardson's needlegrass"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Stipa richardsonii<\/i> Link"] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["graminoid"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [8] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Cascade", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Petroleum", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand"], "soil_condition": ["dry soils"], "min_pH": [6.6], "max_pH": [7.3], "min_elevation_ft": [3000], "max_elevation_ft": [7000] }, "habitat": [ ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", "livestock"], "habitat": ["bison", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": ["Na"], "enhances_fire": [true], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": ["late"], "tolerates": ["erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": [null], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [7], "last_bloom_month": [9], "max_plant_height_ft": ["3"], "flower_color": ["white", "green", "brown"], "establishment": [null], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": ["moderate"], "lifespan": ["moderate"], "cover": [null], "competitive": [null], "weedy": [null], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [true], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ [null] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "AGUR", "photo": [ ["Agastache_urticifolia_biokic3.rc.asu.edu.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ [null] ], "scientific_name": ["Agastache urticifolia<\/i> (Benth.) 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Löve"] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["graminoid"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [1], [3] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Deer Lodge", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Glacier", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Sheridan", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Valley", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "alakaline soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [6], "max_pH": [8], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [9000] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["coal mine reclamation"], "pollinators": [false], "forage": [], "habitat": ["pronghorn", "waterfowl", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": ["Cu", "Ni"], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": ["early"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "flooding", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": [null], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds", "vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": ["long"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [6], "last_bloom_month": [9], "max_plant_height_ft": ["3.5"], "flower_color": ["yellow", "green", "brown"], "establishment": ["moderate"], "growth_rate": ["moderate"], "survival": ["moderate"], "lifespan": ["moderate"], "cover": ["high"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [true], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["low"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"], ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "ALCE2", "photo": [ ["allium_cernuum_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Gerald D. Carr"] ], "scientific_name": ["Allium cernuum<\/i> Roth"], "common_name": ["nodding onion"], "indigenous_names": { "Northern Cheyenne": ["xaóe-hehestavo"], "Salish": ["Qʷle̓wyeʔ"] }, "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["warm"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "alakaline soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [6], "max_pH": [8], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [8500] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", "song birds"], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": ["early"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "drought"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["high"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["scarification", "cold moist stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": ["short"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [6], "last_bloom_month": [8], "max_plant_height_ft": ["2"], "flower_color": ["white", "pink"], "establishment": [null], "growth_rate": ["moderate"], "survival": [null], "lifespan": ["short", "moderate"], "cover": ["low"], "competitive": [null], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Plants<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "ALINT", "photo": [ ["Alnus_incana_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Barbara L. Wilson"] ], "scientific_name": ["Alnus incana<\/i> (L.) Moench ssp. tenuifolia<\/i> (Nutt.) Breitung"], "common_name": ["thinleaf alder"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Alnus incana<\/i> (L.) Moench var. occidentalis<\/i> (Dippel) C.L. Hitchc."], ["Alnus incana<\/i> (L.) Moench var. virescens<\/i> S. 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Nutt. ex M. Roem."], "common_name": ["Saskatoon serviceberry"], "indigenous_names": { "Salish": ["Słaq"] }, "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["shrub"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [1] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Dawson", "Deer Lodge", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Liberty", "Lincoln", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Prairie", "Ravalli", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Treasure", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "alakaline soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [4.8], "max_pH": [8.4], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [7500] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["bison", "upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds", "livestock"], "habitat": ["small mammals", "game birds"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun", "partial"], "seral_stage": ["mid"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["high"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": ["long"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [4], "last_bloom_month": [7], "max_plant_height_ft": ["26"], "flower_color": ["white"], "establishment": ["high"], "growth_rate": ["slow"], "survival": ["moderate"], "lifespan": ["short"], "cover": ["low"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["moderate"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"], ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "ANMA", "photo": [ ["Anaphalis_margaritacea_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Gabriel E. Campbell"] ], "scientific_name": ["Anaphalis margaritacea<\/i> (L.) Benth."], "common_name": ["western pearly everlasting"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Anaphalis margaritacea<\/i> (L.) Benth. var. angustior<\/i> (Miq.) Nakai"], ["Anaphalis margaritacea<\/i> (L.) Benth. var. intercedens<\/i> H. Hara"], ["Anaphalis margaritacea<\/i> (L.) Benth. var. occidentalis<\/i> Greene"], ["Anaphalis margaritacea<\/i> (L.) Benth. var. revoluta<\/i> Suksd."], ["Anaphalis margaritacea<\/i> (L.) Benth. var. subalpina<\/i> A. Gray"], ["Anaphalis occidentalis<\/i> (Greene) A. Heller"], ["Gnaphalium margaritaceum<\/i> L."] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["warm"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [2], [4] ], "location": ["Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Liberty", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Park", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Treasure", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["dry soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [6], "max_pH": [7.5], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [9500] }, "habitat": [ ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["song birds", "small mammals"], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun", "partial"], "seral_stage": ["early"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "drought", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["moderate"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": ["moderate"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [6], "last_bloom_month": [9], "max_plant_height_ft": ["3"], "flower_color": ["white", "yellow"], "establishment": ["moderate"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["short"], "cover": ["low"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [null], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Protocol Information (Corvallis Plant Materials Center)<\/a>", "Native Plants for the Intermountain West<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "ANGE", "photo": [ ["andropogon_gerardii_wikimedia.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Cassi Saari"] ], "scientific_name": ["Andropogon gerardii<\/i> Vitman"], "common_name": ["big bluestem"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Andropogon chrysocomus<\/i> Nash"], ["Andropogon furcatus<\/i> Muhl. ex Willd."], ["Andropogon gerardii<\/i> Vitman var. chrysocomus<\/i> (Nash) Fernald"], ["Andropogon provincialis<\/i> Lam."] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["warm"] ], "functional_group": [ ["graminoid"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [7], [10] ], "location": ["Big Horn", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Dawson", "Fallon", "Garfield", "Judith Basin", "Powder River", "Prairie", "Rosebud", "Treasure", "Wibaux", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [6], "max_pH": [7.5], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [4000] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["rangeland/prairie"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["mine tailing revegetation"], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["bison", "deer", "song birds", "game birds", "livestock"], "habitat": ["waterfowl", "small mammals", "game birds"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": ["Cd", "Cu", "Pb", "Zn"], "enhances_fire": [true], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": ["late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "flooding", "drought", "erosion", "heavy metals"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["low"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["dry stratification", "cold stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": ["long"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [8], "last_bloom_month": [9], "max_plant_height_ft": ["6"], "flower_color": ["yellow"], "establishment": ["high"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["long"], "cover": ["moderate", "high"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [true], "genetics": [true], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [true], "reproduction_rate": ["moderate"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"], ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>", "NA<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "ANMI3", "photo": [ ["antennaria_microphylla_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Bruce N. Newhouse"] ], "scientific_name": ["Antennaria microphylla<\/i> Rydb."], "common_name": ["littleleaf pussytoes"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Antennaria bracteosa<\/i> Rydb."], ["Antennaria nitida<\/i> Greene"], ["Antennaria parvifolia<\/i> sensu Greene, non Nutt."], ["Antennaria parvifolia<\/i> Nutt. var. bracteosa<\/i> (Rydb.) A. Nelson"], ["Antennaria rosea<\/i> Greene var. nitida<\/i> (Greene) Breitung"], ["Antennaria solstitialis<\/i> Lunell"] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Daniels", "Dawson", "Deer Lodge", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Prairie", "Ravalli", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Sheridan", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Treasure", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [5.9], "max_pH": [7.8], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [10000] }, "habitat": [ ["wetland"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["small mammals"], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": ["early", "mid", "late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "drought", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": [null], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds", "vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": ["moderate", "long"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [5], "last_bloom_month": [6], "max_plant_height_ft": ["1"], "flower_color": ["white", "pink"], "establishment": ["low"], "growth_rate": ["moderate"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["short"], "cover": ["high"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [true], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["moderate"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "HIHIA", "photo": [ ["anthoxanthum_hirtum_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Robert L. Carr"] ], "scientific_name": ["Hierochloe hirta<\/i> (Schrank) Borbás ssp. arctica<\/i> (J. Presl) G. Weim."], "common_name": ["northern sweetgrass"], "indigenous_names": { "Northern Cheyenne": ["ve?hó ?otse’tse"] }, "other_scientific_names": [ ["Anthoxanthum hirtum<\/i> (Schrank) Y. Schouten & Veldkamp ssp. arcticum<\/i> (J. Presl) G. Tucker"], ["Hierochloe odorata<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. arctica<\/i> (J. Presl) Tzvelev"] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Broadwater", "Cascade", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Judith Basin", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Meagher", "Park", "Sweet Grass", "Toole", "Wheatland", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Crow Territory", "Flathead Reservation", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["loam", "silt", "sand"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [5.7], "max_pH": [7.4], "min_elevation_ft": [3000], "max_elevation_ft": [8000] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["bison", "upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals"], "habitat": ["song birds", "small mammals"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["shade"], "seral_stage": ["mid"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "flooding", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["low"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["cold stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": ["moderate", "long"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [6], "last_bloom_month": [7], "max_plant_height_ft": ["4"], "flower_color": ["brown"], "establishment": ["low"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": [null], "lifespan": ["long"], "cover": [null], "competitive": [null], "weedy": [true], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [true], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ [null] ], "notes": ["USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "NA<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "APAN2", "photo": [ ["Apocynum_androsaemifolium_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Paul Slichter"] ], "scientific_name": ["Apocynum androsaemifolium<\/i> L."], "common_name": ["spreading dogbane"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Apocynum ambigens<\/i> Greene"], ["Apocynum androsaemifolium<\/i> L. var. glabrum<\/i> Macoun"], ["Apocynum androsaemifolium<\/i> L. var. griseum<\/i> (Greene) Bég. & Beloserky"], ["Apocynum androsaemifolium<\/i> L. var. intermedium<\/i> Woodson"], ["Apocynum androsaemifolium<\/i> L. var. incanum<\/i> A. DC."], ["Apocynum androsaemifolium<\/i> L. ssp. pumilum<\/i> (A. Gray) B. Boivin"], ["Apocynum androsaemifolium<\/i> L. var. pumilum<\/i> A. Gray"], ["Apocynum androsaemifolium<\/i> L. var. tomentellum<\/i> (Greene) B. Boivin"], ["Apocynum androsaemifolium<\/i> L. var. woodsonii<\/i> B. Boivin"], ["Apocynum pumilum<\/i> (A. Gray) Greene"], ["Apocynum pumilum<\/i> (A. Gray) Greene var. rhomboideum<\/i> (Greene) Bég. & Beloserky"], ["Apocynum scopulorum<\/i> Greene ex Rydb."] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Dawson", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Richland", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [5.5], "max_pH": [7.7], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [8000] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", "small mammals"], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["shade", "partial", "full sun"], "seral_stage": ["mid"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "drought", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["moderate", "high"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": ["moderate"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [5], "last_bloom_month": [7], "max_plant_height_ft": ["3"], "flower_color": ["pink"], "establishment": [null], "growth_rate": [null], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["long"], "cover": ["moderate"], "competitive": [false], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [true], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "APCA", "photo": [ ["Apocynum_cannabinum_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["B. Newhouse"] ], "scientific_name": ["Apocynum cannabinum<\/i> L."], "common_name": ["Indianhemp"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Apocynum cannabinum<\/i> L. var. angustifolium<\/i> (Wooton) N.H. Holmgren"], ["Apocynum cannabinum<\/i> L. var. glaberrimum<\/i> A. DC."], ["Apocynum cannabinum<\/i> L. var. greeneanum<\/i> (Bég. & Beloserky) Woodson"], ["Apocynum cannabinum<\/i> L. var. hypericifolium<\/i> (Aiton) A. Gray"], ["Apocynum cannabinum<\/i> L. var. nemorale<\/i> (G.S. Mill.) Fernald"], ["Apocynum cannabinum<\/i> L. var. pubescens<\/i> (Mitchell ex R. Br.) Woodson"], ["Apocynum cannabinum<\/i> L. var. suksdorfii<\/i> (Greene) Bég. & Beloserky"], ["Apocynum hypericifolium<\/i> Aiton"], ["Apocynum pubescens<\/i> Mitchell ex R. Br."], ["Apocynum sibiricum<\/i> Jacq."], ["Apocynum sibiricum<\/i> Jacq. var. cordigerum<\/i> (Greene) Fernald"], ["Apocynum sibiricum<\/i> Jacq. var. farwellii<\/i> (Greene) Fernald"], ["Apocynum sibiricum<\/i> Jacq. var. salignum<\/i> (Greene) Fernald"], ["Apocynum suksdorfii<\/i> Greene"], ["Apocynum suksdorfii<\/i> Greene var. angustifolium<\/i> (Wooton) Woodson"] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Dawson", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Liberty", "Lincoln", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Prairie", "Ravalli", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Treasure", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [4.5], "max_pH": [7], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [6500] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": [], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["partial"], "seral_stage": ["early"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "flooding", "drought", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["high"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["cold moist stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": ["short"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [5], "last_bloom_month": [8], "max_plant_height_ft": ["3"], "flower_color": ["white"], "establishment": [null], "growth_rate": ["moderate"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["moderate"], "cover": ["moderate"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [true], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [true], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"], ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "AQCO", "photo": [ ["Aquilegia_coerulea_wikimedia.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Laura Gaudette"] ], "scientific_name": ["Aquilegia coerulea<\/i> James"], "common_name": ["Colorado blue columbine"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Aquilegia caerulea<\/i> James, orth. var. "] ], "other_common_names": [ ["Colorado blue columbine"] ], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [3], [6] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Gallatin", "Madison", "Park", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Crow Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "alakaline soils"], "min_pH": [6.2], "max_pH": [8.4], "min_elevation_ft": [6000], "max_elevation_ft": [9000] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": [], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["shade"], "seral_stage": [null], "tolerates": [] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": [null], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["cold stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": ["moderate"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [5], "last_bloom_month": [9], "max_plant_height_ft": ["2"], "flower_color": ["blue"], "establishment": ["moderate"], "growth_rate": ["moderate"], "survival": ["low"], "lifespan": ["short"], "cover": [null], "competitive": [null], "weedy": [true], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plants for Pollinators in the Intermountain West<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "AQFL", "photo": [ ["Aquilegia_flavescens_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Randall C. Rowe"] ], "scientific_name": ["Aquilegia flavescens<\/i> S. Watson"], "common_name": ["yellow columbine"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Cascade", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Park", "Pondera", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Wheatland", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Flathead Reservation", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "alakaline soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": ["NA"], "max_pH": ["NA"], "min_elevation_ft": [2500], "max_elevation_ft": [9500] }, "habitat": [ ["wetland"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": [], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["partial"], "seral_stage": [null], "tolerates": [] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["low", "moderate"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["cold moist stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": ["moderate"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [6], "last_bloom_month": [8], "max_plant_height_ft": ["2"], "flower_color": ["yellow"], "establishment": ["moderate"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": ["low"], "lifespan": ["moderate"], "cover": [null], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [true], "genetics": [false], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "ARNU2", "photo": [ ["Aralia_nudicaulis_wotncr.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Peter Friedman"] ], "scientific_name": ["Aralia nudicaulis<\/i> L."], "common_name": ["wild sarsaparilla"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Cascade", "Chouteau", "Flathead", "Glacier", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lincoln", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Powell", "Sanders", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [5], "max_pH": [7.2], "min_elevation_ft": [2500], "max_elevation_ft": [4700] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds", "livestock"], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["shade"], "seral_stage": ["mid", "late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "drought", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["low"], "germination_rate": [null], "germination_requirements": ["cold moist stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": ["moderate"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [5], "last_bloom_month": [7], "max_plant_height_ft": ["2"], "flower_color": ["white"], "establishment": ["moderate"], "growth_rate": ["slow"], "survival": ["moderate"], "lifespan": ["moderate"], "cover": ["moderate"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [true], "genetics": [false], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>", "NA<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "ARUV", "photo": [ ["Arctostaphylos_uva-ursi_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Gerald Carr"] ], "scientific_name": ["Arctostaphylos uva-ursi<\/i> (L.) Spreng."], "common_name": ["kinnikinnick"], "indigenous_names": { "Salish": ["Skʷlse̓łp"] }, "other_scientific_names": [ ["Arctostaphylos adenotricha<\/i> (Fernald & J.F. Macbr.) Á. Löve & D. Löve & Kapoor"], ["Arctostaphylos uva-ursi<\/i> (L.) Spreng. var. adenotricha<\/i> Fernald & J.F. Macbr."], ["Arctostaphylos uva-ursi<\/i> (L.) Spreng. ssp. adenotricha<\/i> (Fernald & J.F. Macbr.) Calder & Roy L. Taylor"], ["Arctostaphylos uva-ursi<\/i> (L.) Spreng. var. coactilis<\/i> Fernald & J.F. Macbr."], ["Arctostaphylos uva-ursi<\/i> (L.) Spreng. ssp. coactilis<\/i> (Fernald & J.F. Macbr.) Á. Löve & D. Löve & Kapoor"], ["Arctostaphylos uva-ursi<\/i> (L.) Spreng. ssp. longipilosa<\/i> Packer & Denford"], ["Arctostaphylos uva-ursi<\/i> (L.) Spreng. var. leobreweri<\/i> J.B. Roof"], ["Arctostaphylos uva-ursi<\/i> (L.) Spreng. var. marinensis<\/i> J.B. Roof"], ["Arctostaphylos uva-ursi<\/i> (L.) Spreng. ssp. monoensis<\/i> J.B. Roof"], ["Arctostaphylos uva-ursi<\/i> (L.) Spreng. var. pacifica<\/i> Hultén"], ["Arctostaphylos uva-ursi<\/i> (L.) Spreng. ssp. stipitata<\/i> Packer & Denford"], ["Arctostaphylos uva-ursi<\/i> (L.) Spreng. var. stipitata<\/i> (Packer & Denford) Dorn"], ["Arctostaphylos uva-ursi<\/i> (L.) Spreng. var. suborbiculata<\/i> W. Knight"], ["Uva-ursi uva-ursi<\/i> (L.) Britton, nom. inval."] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["evergreen"] ], "functional_group": [ ["shrub"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Deer Lodge", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Park", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "alakaline soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [5.5], "max_pH": [8], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [9500] }, "habitat": [ ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["soil remediation"], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds"], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": ["Cu"], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun", "partial"], "seral_stage": ["early", "mid"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "drought", "erosion", "heavy metals"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["moderate"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["acidic scarification", "cold stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": ["long"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [3], "last_bloom_month": [6], "max_plant_height_ft": ["0.5"], "flower_color": ["purple"], "establishment": ["low", "moderate"], "growth_rate": ["moderate"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["long"], "cover": ["moderate", "high"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [true], "genetics": [false], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Data Sheet<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "ARPU9", "photo": [ ["Aristida_purpurea_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Robert L. Carr"] ], "scientific_name": ["Aristida purpurea<\/i> Nutt."], "common_name": ["purple threeawn"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["graminoid"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [0.5], [1] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Dawson", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Liberty", "Madison", "McCone", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Powder River", "Prairie", "Ravalli", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Treasure", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["dry soils"], "min_pH": [6.5], "max_pH": [7.5], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [6000] }, "habitat": [ ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["bison", "pronghorn", "upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds", "livestock"], "habitat": ["pronghorn", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": ["U"], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["shade"], "seral_stage": ["early", "late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "drought", "erosion", "heavy metals"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["high"], "germination_rate": ["moderate", "slow"], "germination_requirements": ["warm stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds", "vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [4], "last_bloom_month": [9], "max_plant_height_ft": ["3"], "flower_color": ["purple"], "establishment": ["high"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": [null], "cover": ["high"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Fire Effects Information System (FEIS) Wildlife Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "ARCO9", "photo": [ ["arnica_cordifolia_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Tanya Harvey"] ], "scientific_name": ["Arnica cordifolia<\/i> Hook."], "common_name": ["heartleaf arnica"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Arnica cordifolia<\/i> Hook. ssp. genuina<\/i> Maguire"], ["Arnica cordifolia<\/i> Hook. var. humilis<\/i> (Rydb.) Maguire"], ["Arnica cordifolia<\/i> Hook. var. pumila<\/i> (Rydb.) Maguire"], ["Arnica cordifolia<\/i> Hook. var. whitneyi<\/i> (Fernald) Maguire"], ["Arnica hardinae<\/i> H. St. John"], ["Arnica humilis<\/i> Rydb."], ["Arnica paniculata<\/i> A. Nelson"], ["Arnica whitneyi<\/i> Fernald"] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "alakaline soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [6], "max_pH": [8], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [9500] }, "habitat": [ ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["pronghorn", "upland game", "deer", "small mammals", "game birds", "livestock"], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [true], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["shade", "partial", "full sun"], "seral_stage": ["late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["high"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["cold moist stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds", 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Weber"] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["shrub"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Dawson", "Deer Lodge", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Golden Valley", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lewis and Clark", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Musselshell", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Powder River", "Prairie", "Rosebud", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Treasure", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], 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Hall & Clem."] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["warm"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"], ["shrub"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [3] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Daniels", "Dawson", "Deer Lodge", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Liberty", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Musselshell", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Prairie", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Sheridan", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Treasure", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "silt", "sand"], "soil_condition": ["dry soils", "alakaline soils"], "min_pH": [6.6], "max_pH": [9], "min_elevation_ft": [2900], "max_elevation_ft": [8400] }, "habitat": [ ["rangeland/prairie"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["mine reclamation", "rangeland restoration"], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["pronghorn", "upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "livestock"], "habitat": ["song birds", "small mammals"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": ["Cu", "Ni", "Pb", "Zn"], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": ["early", "mid", "late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "drought", "erosion", "heavy metals"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["moderate"], "germination_rate": [null], "germination_requirements": ["scarification", "afterripening", "stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["sprouts"], "seed_longevity": ["moderate"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [3], "last_bloom_month": [11], "max_plant_height_ft": ["4"], "flower_color": ["yellow"], "establishment": ["moderate"], "growth_rate": ["slow"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["long"], "cover": ["low", "moderate", "high"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [true], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "BASA3", "photo": [ ["Balsamorhiza_sagittata_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Randall C. 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Campbell"] ], "scientific_name": ["Betula occidentalis<\/i> Hook."], "common_name": ["water birch"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Betula beeniana<\/i> A. Nelson"], ["Betula fontinalis<\/i> Sarg."], ["Betula occidentalis<\/i> Hook. var. inopina<\/i> (Jeps.) C.L. Hitchc."], ["Betula papyrifera<\/i> Marshall ssp. occidentalis<\/i> (Hook.) Hultén"], ["Betula papyrifera<\/i> Marshall var. occidentalis<\/i> (Hook.) Sarg."] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["tree"], ["shrub"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Dawson", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Park", "Pondera", "Powell", "Prairie", "Ravalli", "Richland", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend 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}, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [4], "last_bloom_month": [5], "max_plant_height_ft": ["30"], "flower_color": ["yellow"], "establishment": ["moderate"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": ["moderate"], "lifespan": ["moderate"], "cover": ["high"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["moderate"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "BEPA", "photo": [ ["Betula_papyrifera_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Gerald Carr"] ], "scientific_name": ["Betula papyrifera<\/i> Marshall"], "common_name": ["paper birch"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["tree"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Blaine", "Carter", "Chouteau", "Flathead", "Glacier", "Hill", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Phillips", "Powder River", "Powell", "Sanders", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [4.2], "max_pH": [7.4], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [5000] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["mine reclamation"], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", "song birds", 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["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "BOCU", "photo": [ ["Bouteloua_curtipendula_wikimedia.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Nova Agnieszka Kwiecien"] ], "scientific_name": ["Bouteloua curtipendula<\/i> (Michx.) Torr."], "common_name": ["sideoats grama"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["warm"] ], "functional_group": [ ["graminoid"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [3], [6] ], "location": ["Big Horn", "Blaine", "Carbon", "Carter", "Custer", "Dawson", "Deer Lodge", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Jefferson", "Lewis and Clark", "Madison", "McCone", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Powder River", "Powell", "Prairie", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Silver Bow", "Sweet Grass", "Treasure", "Valley", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["dry soils", "alakaline soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [5.5], "max_pH": [8.5], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [5000] }, "habitat": [ ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["mine reclamation"], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["bison", "pronghorn", "upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "livestock"], "habitat": ["song birds", "small mammals", "game birds"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": ["Cu", "Cr", "Ar", "Ni", "Zn"], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun", "partial"], "seral_stage": ["early", "mid", "late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "flooding", "drought", "erosion", "heavy metals"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["moderate"], "germination_rate": ["moderate"], "germination_requirements": ["none"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds", "vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": ["moderate", "long"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [6], "last_bloom_month": [11], "max_plant_height_ft": ["3"], "flower_color": ["red"], "establishment": ["low", "moderate"], "growth_rate": ["moderate"], "survival": ["moderate"], "lifespan": ["moderate"], "cover": ["moderate"], "competitive": [false], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [true], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "BOGR2", "photo": [ ["Bouteloua_gracilis_wikimedia.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Nova Agnieszka Kwiecien"] ], "scientific_name": ["Bouteloua gracilis<\/i> (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths"], "common_name": ["blue grama"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Bouteloua gracilis<\/i> (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths var. stricta<\/i> (Vasey) Hitchc."], ["Bouteloua oligostachya<\/i> (Nutt.) Torr. ex A. Gray"], ["Chondrosum gracile<\/i> Willd. ex Kunth"], ["Chondrosum oligostachyum<\/i> (Nutt.) Torr."] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["warm"] ], "functional_group": [ ["graminoid"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [8], [12] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Dawson", "Deer Lodge", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Liberty", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Prairie", "Ravalli", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Sheridan", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Treasure", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["dry soils", "alakaline soils"], "min_pH": [6.6], "max_pH": [8.4], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [6000] }, "habitat": [ ["rangeland/prairie"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["mine reclamation"], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["bison", "pronghorn", "upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds", "livestock"], "habitat": ["song birds"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": ["Cu", "Cr", "Ar", "Ni", "Zn"], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": ["late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "drought", "erosion", "heavy metals"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["low"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["none"], "primary_propogation_type": ["vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": ["long"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [7], "last_bloom_month": [10], "max_plant_height_ft": ["1"], "flower_color": ["yellow"], "establishment": ["low"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["moderate"], "cover": ["low", "high"], "competitive": [false], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["low", "moderate"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"], ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "BRMA4", "photo": [ ["Bromus_carinatus_marginatus_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Robert L. Carr"] ], "scientific_name": ["Bromus marginatus<\/i> Nees ex Steud."], "common_name": ["mountain brome"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Bromus breviaristatus<\/i> Buckley"], ["Bromus carinatus<\/i> Hook. & Arn. var. linearis<\/i> Shear"], ["Bromus carinatus<\/i> Hook. & Arn. var. marginatus<\/i> (Nees ex Steud.) Barkworth & Anderton"], ["Bromus marginatus<\/i> Nees ex Steud. var. breviaristatus<\/i> (Buckley) Beetle"], ["Bromus marginatus<\/i> Nees ex Steud. var. latior<\/i> Shear"], ["Bromus marginatus<\/i> Nees ex Steud. var. seminudus<\/i> Shear"], ["Bromus sitchensis<\/i> Trin. var. marginatus<\/i> (Nees ex Steud.) B. Boivin"], ["Ceratochloa marginata<\/i> Steud ex B.D. Jacks., nom. inval."], ["Ceratochloa marginata<\/i> (Nees ex Steud.) W.A. Weber"] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["graminoid"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [5] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Liberty", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Rosebud", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Treasure", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "alakaline soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [5.5], "max_pH": [8], "min_elevation_ft": [2500], "max_elevation_ft": [8500] }, "habitat": [ ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["mine reclamation", "rangeland restoration"], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["pronghorn", "upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds", "livestock"], "habitat": ["song birds", "small mammals", "game birds"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": ["Cu", "Zn"], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [true], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun", "partial"], "seral_stage": ["early", "mid", "late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "erosion", "heavy metals"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["high"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["cold moist stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds", "vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": ["short"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [5], "last_bloom_month": [8], "max_plant_height_ft": ["4"], "flower_color": ["yellow", "green", "brown"], "establishment": ["high"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": ["moderate"], "lifespan": ["short"], "cover": ["high"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "BODA2", "photo": [ ["Boutoula_dactyloides_wikimedia.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Patrick Alexander"] ], "scientific_name": ["Bouteloua dactyloides<\/i> (Nutt.) J.T. Columbus"], "common_name": ["buffalograss"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Buchloe dactyloides<\/i> (Nutt.) Engelm."], ["Bulbilis dactyloides<\/i> (Nutt.) Raf. ex Kuntze"], ["Sesleria dactyloides<\/i> Nutt."] ], "other_common_names": [ ["buffalograss"], [null] ], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["warm"] ], "functional_group": [ ["graminoid"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [3], [5] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Dawson", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Garfield", "Judith Basin", "Liberty", "Madison", "McCone", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Prairie", "Ravalli", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Valley", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt"], "soil_condition": ["dry soils", "alakaline soils"], "min_pH": [6.5], "max_pH": [8], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [4000] }, "habitat": [ ["rangeland/prairie"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["coal mine spoils reclamation"], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["bison", "pronghorn", "waterfowl", "upland game", "deer", "small mammals", "livestock"], "habitat": ["waterfowl", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": ["Al", "As", "Cd", "Pb", "Zn"], "enhances_fire": [true], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["partial"], "seral_stage": ["early", "mid"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "drought", "erosion", "heavy metals"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["moderate", "high"], "germination_rate": [null], "germination_requirements": ["stratification", "scarification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds", "vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": ["long"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [4], "last_bloom_month": [9], "max_plant_height_ft": ["1"], "flower_color": ["yellow"], "establishment": ["high"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["long"], "cover": ["low"], "competitive": [false], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [false], "toxicity": [null], "enhances_fire": [true], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "CACA4", "photo": [ ["Calamagrostis_canadensis_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["B. Newhouse"] ], "scientific_name": ["Calamagrostis canadensis<\/i> (Michx.) P. Beauv."], "common_name": ["bluejoint"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["graminoid"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Deer Lodge", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Granite", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Park", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "alakaline soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [3.5], "max_pH": [8], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [9500] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["oil spills"], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", "small mammals", "livestock"], "habitat": ["waterfowl", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun", "partial"], "seral_stage": ["early", "mid", "late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "flooding", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["moderate"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["cold moist stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds", "vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": ["moderate", "long"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [6], "last_bloom_month": [8], "max_plant_height_ft": ["5"], "flower_color": ["green"], "establishment": ["moderate"], "growth_rate": ["moderate"], "survival": ["moderate"], "lifespan": ["long"], "cover": ["high"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"], ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "CARU", "photo": [ ["Calamagrostis_rubescens_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Barbara L. Wilson"] ], "scientific_name": ["Calamagrostis rubescens<\/i> Buckley"], "common_name": ["pinegrass"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Calamagrostis fasciculata<\/i> Kearney"] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["graminoid"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Treasure", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "alakaline soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [5.5], "max_pH": [8], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [9000] }, "habitat": [ ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", "small mammals", "livestock"], "habitat": ["song birds", "small mammals"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["shade", "partial", "full sun"], "seral_stage": ["early", "mid", "late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["moderate"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["none"], "primary_propogation_type": ["vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [4], "last_bloom_month": [6], "max_plant_height_ft": ["3.5"], "flower_color": ["yellow", "green", "brown"], "establishment": ["low"], "growth_rate": ["slow"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["moderate"], "cover": ["moderate", "high"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [true], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "CAQU2", "photo": [ ["Camassia_quamash_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Paul Slichter"] ], "scientific_name": ["Camassia quamash<\/i> (Pursh) Greene"], "common_name": ["small camas"], "indigenous_names": { "Salish": ["Sx̣ʷe̓ʔli // i̓tx̣ʷeʔ"] }, "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Carbon", "Cascade", "Deer Lodge", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Park", "Pondera", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Flathead Reservation", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [5.7], "max_pH": [7], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [8500] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", "livestock"], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": ["early"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "flooding"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["low"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["cold stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds", "vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": ["moderate"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [4], "last_bloom_month": [6], "max_plant_height_ft": ["2.2999999999999998"], "flower_color": ["blue", "purple"], "establishment": ["moderate"], "growth_rate": ["moderate"], "survival": ["moderate"], "lifespan": ["moderate"], "cover": [null], "competitive": [null], "weedy": [null], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["nursery plant"], ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "CARO2", "photo": [ ["Campanula_rotundifolia_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Aaron Lister"] ], "scientific_name": ["Campanula rotundifolia<\/i> L."], "common_name": ["bluebell bellflower"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Campanula alaskana<\/i> (A. Gray) W. Wight ex J.P. Anderson"], ["Campanula dubia<\/i> A. DC."], ["Campanula gieseckiana<\/i> Vest ex Schult."], ["Campanula gieseckiana<\/i> Vest ex Schult. var. arctica<\/i> (Lange) Böcher"], ["Campanula gieseckiana<\/i> Vest ex Schult. ssp. groenlandica<\/i> (Berlin) Böcher"], ["Campanula groenlandica<\/i> Berlin"], ["Campanula heterodoxa<\/i> Bong."], ["Campanula intercedens<\/i> Witasek"], ["Campanula petiolata<\/i> A. DC."], ["Campanula rotundifolia<\/i> L. var. alaskana<\/i> A. Gray"], ["Campanula rotundifolia<\/i> L. var. alpina<\/i> Tuck."], ["Campanula rotundifolia<\/i> L. var. arctica<\/i> Lange"], ["Campanula rotundifolia<\/i> L. ssp. groenlandica<\/i> (Berlin) Á. Löve & D. Löve"], ["Campanula rotundifolia<\/i> L. var. intercedens<\/i> (Witasek) Farw."], ["Campanula rotundifolia<\/i> L. ssp. intercedens<\/i> (Witasek) Á. Löve & D. Löve"], ["Campanula rotundifolia<\/i> L. var. lancifolia<\/i> Mert. & W.D.J. Koch"], ["Campanula rotundifolia<\/i> L. var. petiolata<\/i> (A. DC.) J.K. Henry"], ["Campanula rotundifolia<\/i> L. var. velutina<\/i> A. DC."], ["Campanula sacajaweana<\/i> M. Peck"] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["warm"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Daniels", "Dawson", "Deer Lodge", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Liberty", "Lincoln", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Prairie", "Ravalli", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Treasure", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils"], "min_pH": ["NA"], "max_pH": ["NA"], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [10000] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["pronghorn", "upland game", "deer", "small mammals"], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun", "partial"], "seral_stage": ["early"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "drought"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["low", "high"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["cold moist stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [6], "last_bloom_month": [9], "max_plant_height_ft": ["1.6"], "flower_color": ["blue", "purple"], "establishment": [null], "growth_rate": ["slow"], "survival": ["moderate"], "lifespan": [null], "cover": [null], "competitive": [false], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ [null] ], "notes": ["Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "CAAQ", "photo": [ ["Carex_aquatilis_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Paul Slichter"] ], "scientific_name": ["Carex aquatilis<\/i> Wahlenb."], "common_name": ["water sedge"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["graminoid"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [5] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Dawson", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Park", "Pondera", "Powell", "Prairie", "Ravalli", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Wheatland", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [4], "max_pH": [7.5], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [9500] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["wetland restoration"], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["bison", "waterfowl", "upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds", "livestock"], "habitat": ["waterfowl", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": ["late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "flooding", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["moderate"], "germination_rate": ["moderate"], "germination_requirements": ["cold moist stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [6], "last_bloom_month": [9], "max_plant_height_ft": ["3.5"], "flower_color": ["green"], "establishment": ["moderate"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["moderate"], "cover": ["low", "moderate"], "competitive": [false], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [false], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"], ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "CABE2", "photo": [ ["Carex_bebbii_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Robert L. Carr"] ], "scientific_name": ["Carex bebbii<\/i> Olney ex Fernald"], "common_name": ["Bebb's sedge"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["graminoid"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [2] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Blaine", "Daniels", "Deer Lodge", "Flathead", "Glacier", "Granite", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Park", "Phillips", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Sanders", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Valley", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Kootenai Territory", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [4.6], "max_pH": [7], "min_elevation_ft": [2500], "max_elevation_ft": [6000] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["rangeland/prairie"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["bison", "waterfowl", "song birds", "game birds", "livestock"], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["shade", "partial", "full sun"], "seral_stage": [null], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "flooding", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": [null], "germination_rate": ["slow", "moderate"], "germination_requirements": ["cold moist stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": ["long"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [6], "last_bloom_month": [7], "max_plant_height_ft": ["3"], "flower_color": ["green", "brown"], "establishment": [null], "growth_rate": ["moderate"], "survival": [null], "lifespan": ["moderate"], "cover": [null], "competitive": [false], "weedy": [null], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["low", "moderate"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"], ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["USDA Plant Profile<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "CAGE2", "photo": [ ["Carex_geyeri_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Robert L. Carr"] ], "scientific_name": ["Carex geyeri<\/i> Boott"], "common_name": ["Geyer's sedge"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["graminoid"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [9], [18] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Dawson", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Park", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Prairie", "Ravalli", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Treasure", "Wheatland", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["dry soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [6], "max_pH": [7.7], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [9500] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", "small mammals", "livestock"], "habitat": ["small mammals"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["shade", "partial"], "seral_stage": ["late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "drought", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": [null], "germination_rate": [null], "germination_requirements": ["cold moist stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [4], "last_bloom_month": [8], "max_plant_height_ft": ["1.5"], "flower_color": ["green", "brown"], "establishment": ["low"], "growth_rate": ["slow"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["moderate"], "cover": ["low", "high"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [false], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "CAIN9", "photo": [ ["Carex_inops_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Keir Morse"] ], "scientific_name": ["Carex inops<\/i> L.H. Bailey"], "common_name": ["long-stolon sedge"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["graminoid"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Daniels", "Dawson", "Deer Lodge", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Golden Valley", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lincoln", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Musselshell", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Powder River", "Prairie", "Ravalli", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Treasure", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["dry soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [4.8], "max_pH": [5.8], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [9000] }, "habitat": [ ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["bison", "pronghorn", "upland game", "deer", "small mammals", "livestock"], "habitat": ["game birds"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [true], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["partial"], "seral_stage": ["early", "late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["moderate"], "germination_rate": ["slow", "fast"], "germination_requirements": ["none"], "primary_propogation_type": ["vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [4], "last_bloom_month": [7], "max_plant_height_ft": ["1.5"], "flower_color": ["green", "brown"], "establishment": [null], "growth_rate": ["slow"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["long"], "cover": ["low"], "competitive": [null], "weedy": [null], "genetics": [true], "toxicity": [null], "enhances_fire": [true], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "CAMI7", "photo": [ ["Carex_microptera_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Gabriel E. Campbell"] ], "scientific_name": ["Carex microptera<\/i> Mack."], "common_name": ["smallwing sedge"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Carex festivella<\/i> Mack."], ["Carex limnophila<\/i> F.J. Herm."], ["Carex macloviana<\/i> d'Urv. ssp. festivella<\/i> (Mack.) Á. Löve & D. Löve"], ["Carex macloviana<\/i> d'Urv. var. microptera<\/i> (Mack.) B. Boivin"], ["Carex microptera<\/i> Mack. var. crassinervia<\/i> F.J. Herm."], ["Carex microptera<\/i> Mack. var. limnophila<\/i> (F.J. Herm.) Dorn"] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["graminoid"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [2], [3] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Pondera", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [5.6], "max_pH": [7.4], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [10000] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["riparian restoration", "wetland restoration"], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["bison", "waterfowl", "upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds", "livestock"], "habitat": ["song birds", "small mammals"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": ["Pb"], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": [null], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "flooding", "erosion", "heavy metals"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": [null], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["cold moist stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": ["moderate"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [5], "last_bloom_month": [10], "max_plant_height_ft": ["2"], "flower_color": ["green"], "establishment": ["low"], "growth_rate": ["slow"], "survival": [null], "lifespan": ["long"], "cover": ["moderate"], "competitive": [null], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [true], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["nursery plant"], ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["USDA Plant Profile<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "CAPE42", "photo": [ ["Carex_pellita_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Thomas N. Kaye"] ], "scientific_name": ["Carex pellita<\/i> Muhl. ex Willd."], "common_name": ["woolly sedge"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Carex lanuginosa<\/i> auct. non Michx."], ["Carex lasiocarpa<\/i> Ehrh. var. latifolia<\/i> (Boeckeler) Gilly"] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["graminoid"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [5], [10] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Daniels", "Deer Lodge", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Prairie", "Ravalli", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Sheridan", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["loam", "silt", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "alakaline soils"], "min_pH": [7], "max_pH": [8], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [7000] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["rangeland/prairie"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["riparian restoration", "wetland restoration"], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["waterfowl", "upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds", "livestock"], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": [null], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "flooding", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": [null], "germination_rate": [null], "germination_requirements": ["cold moist stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [5], "last_bloom_month": [8], "max_plant_height_ft": ["3.5"], "flower_color": ["white", "green", "brown"], "establishment": [null], "growth_rate": [null], "survival": [null], "lifespan": ["long"], "cover": ["moderate", "high"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [true], "genetics": [true], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["Montana Field Guide<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "CAUT", "photo": [ ["Carex_utriculata_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Barbara L. Wilson"] ], "scientific_name": ["Carex utriculata<\/i> Boott"], "common_name": ["Northwest Territory sedge"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Carex inflata<\/i> Huds. var. utriculata<\/i> (Boott) Druce"], ["Carex rhynchophysa<\/i> Fisch., C.A. Mey. & Avé-Lall."], ["Carex rostrata<\/i> Stokes var. utriculata<\/i> (Boott) L.H. 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Wilson"] ], "scientific_name": ["Deschampsia cespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv."], "common_name": ["tufted hairgrass"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Aira caespitosa<\/i> L."], ["Aira cespitosa<\/i> L., orth. var. "], ["Deschampsia bottnica<\/i> (Wahlenb.) Trin."], ["Deschampsia caespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv., orth. var. "], ["Deschampsia caespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. var. arctica<\/i> Vasey, orth. var. "], ["Deschampsia caespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. var. alpicola<\/i> (Rydb.) Á. Löve & D. Löve & Kapoor, orth. var. "], ["Deschampsia caespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. var. abbei<\/i> B. Boivin, orth. var. "], ["Deschampsia caespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. glauca<\/i> (C. Hartm.) C. Hartm., orth. var. "], ["Deschampsia caespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. var. glauca<\/i> (C. Hartm.) C. Hartm., non Regel, orth. var. "], ["Deschampsia caespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. genuina<\/i> (Rchb.) O.H. Volk, orth. var. "], ["Deschampsia caespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. 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Beauv. var. arctica<\/i> Vasey"], ["Deschampsia cespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. var. abbei<\/i> B. Boivin"], ["Deschampsia cespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. bottnica<\/i> (Wahlenb.) Tzvelev"], ["Deschampsia cespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. var. bottnica<\/i> (Wahlenb.) Vasey"], ["Deschampsia cespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. cespitosa <\/i>"], ["Deschampsia cespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. var. glauca<\/i> (C. Hartm.) C. Hartm., non Regel"], ["Deschampsia cespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. glauca<\/i> (C. Hartm.) C. Hartm."], ["Deschampsia cespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. genuina<\/i> (Rchb.) O.H. Volk"], ["Deschampsia cespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. var. intercotidalis<\/i> B. Boivin"], ["Deschampsia cespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. var. littoralis<\/i> (Gaudin) K. Richt."], ["Deschampsia cespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. var. longiflora<\/i> Beal"], ["Deschampsia cespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. var. maritima<\/i> Vasey"], ["Deschampsia cespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. var. mackenzieana<\/i> (Raup) B. Boivin"], ["Deschampsia cespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. orientalis<\/i> Hultén"], ["Deschampsia cespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. obensis<\/i> (Rosh.) Tzvelev"], ["Deschampsia cespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. var. parviflora<\/i> (Thuill.) Coss. & Germ."], ["Deschampsia cespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. paramushirensis<\/i> (Honda) Tzvelev"], ["Deschampsia cespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. parviflora<\/i> (Thuill.) K. Richt."], ["Deschampsia cespitosa<\/i> (L.) P. Beauv. var. pallida<\/i> Gren. & Godr."], ["Deschampsia glauca<\/i> C. Hartm."], ["Deschampsia mackenzieana<\/i> Raup"], ["Deschampsia obensis<\/i> Rosh."], ["Deschampsia paramushirensis<\/i> Honda"], ["Deschampsia pumila<\/i> (Ledeb.) Ostenf."], ["Deschampsia sukatschewii<\/i> (Popl.) Rosh."] ], "other_common_names": [ [null], ["tufted hairgrass"] ], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["graminoid"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [1.5] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Daniels", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Liberty", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Sheridan", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "alakaline soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [3.3], "max_pH": [8.4], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [11500] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["mine tailing revegetation"], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["bison", "pronghorn", "waterfowl", "upland game", "deer", "game birds", "livestock"], "habitat": ["waterfowl"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": ["Pb", "Zn", "Cu", "Mn", "Ag", "Au", "Fe", "Ni"], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun", "partial"], "seral_stage": ["early", "late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "flooding", "erosion", "heavy metals"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["high"], "germination_rate": ["moderate"], "germination_requirements": ["cold stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": ["moderate"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [6], "last_bloom_month": [6], "max_plant_height_ft": ["5"], "flower_color": ["yellow"], "establishment": ["moderate"], "growth_rate": ["moderate"], "survival": ["moderate"], "lifespan": ["long"], "cover": ["high"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [null], "genetics": [true], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"], ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "DEEL", "photo": [ ["Deschampsia_elongata_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Keir Morse"] ], "scientific_name": ["Deschampsia elongata<\/i> (Hook.) 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Merr."], "common_name": ["darkthroat shootingstar"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Cascade", "Custer", "Daniels", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Pondera", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne 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"first_bloom_month": [3], "last_bloom_month": [8], "max_plant_height_ft": ["2"], "flower_color": ["white", "pink", "yellow", "purple"], "establishment": ["moderate"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": ["moderate"], "lifespan": ["moderate"], "cover": [null], "competitive": [null], "weedy": [null], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["moderate"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "ECAN2", "photo": [ ["Echinacea_angustifolia_wikimedia.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Kenraiz Krzysztof Ziarnek"] ], "scientific_name": ["Echinacea angustifolia<\/i> DC."], "common_name": ["narrowleaf purple coneflower"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["warm"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [9] ], "location": ["Big Horn", "Blaine", "Custer", "Dawson", "Fallon", "Garfield", "Golden Valley", "McCone", "Musselshell", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Powder River", "Prairie", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Treasure", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils"], "min_pH": [6.8], "max_pH": [7.2], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [4500] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["coal mine restoration"], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["deer", "song birds", 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Guide<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "ELCO", "photo": [ ["Elaeagnus_commutata_wikimedia.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Matt Lavin"] ], "scientific_name": ["Elaeagnus commutata<\/i> Bernh. ex Rydb."], "common_name": ["silverberry"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Elaeagnus argentea<\/i> Pursh, non Moench"] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["shrub"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [1], [2] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Carbon", "Carter", "Daniels", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Missoula", "Park", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powell", "Roosevelt", "Sanders", "Sheridan", "Sweet Grass", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", 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"usda_symbol": "ELPA3", "photo": [ ["Eleocharis_palustris_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Gabriel E. Campbell"] ], "scientific_name": ["Eleocharis palustris<\/i> (L.) 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Beck"], ["Galium hyssopifolium<\/i> Hoffm."], ["Galium septentrionale<\/i> Roem. & Schult."], ["Galium strictum<\/i> Torr."] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Daniels", "Dawson", "Deer Lodge", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Liberty", "Lincoln", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Prairie", "Ravalli", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Sheridan", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Treasure", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [5], "max_pH": [7.2], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [9000] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["mine spoils restoration"], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["deer", "song birds", "livestock"], "habitat": ["upland game", "small mammals"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["partial"], "seral_stage": ["early", "mid", "late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "flooding", "drought", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["low"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["cold moist stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds", "vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [5], "last_bloom_month": [9], "max_plant_height_ft": ["3"], "flower_color": ["white"], "establishment": ["moderate"], "growth_rate": ["moderate"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["moderate"], "cover": ["moderate"], "competitive": [false], "weedy": [null], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "GEVI2", "photo": [ ["Geranium_viscosissimum_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Randall C. Rowe"] ], "scientific_name": ["Geranium viscosissimum<\/i> Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey."], "common_name": ["sticky purple geranium"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"], ["annual"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [1.4] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Park", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["loam", "silt"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "alakaline soils"], "min_pH": [7], "max_pH": [8], "min_elevation_ft": [2500], "max_elevation_ft": [8500] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals"], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": [null], "tolerates": ["drought"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["moderate", "high"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["scarification then hot and cold soak"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [4], "last_bloom_month": [9], "max_plant_height_ft": ["3"], "flower_color": ["pink", "purple"], "establishment": ["high"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": [null], "lifespan": ["short"], "cover": [null], "competitive": [null], "weedy": [null], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["moderate"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "GEMA4", "photo": [ ["Geum_macrophyllum_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["B. Newhouse"] ], "scientific_name": ["Geum macrophyllum<\/i> Willd."], "common_name": ["largeleaf avens"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Park", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Sheridan", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Wheatland", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [5], "max_pH": [7], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [9000] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": [], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun", "partial"], "seral_stage": [null], "tolerates": ["flooding", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["high"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["long cold moist stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": ["moderate", "long"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [4], "last_bloom_month": [7], "max_plant_height_ft": ["3.5"], "flower_color": ["green"], "establishment": ["moderate"], "growth_rate": ["moderate"], "survival": [null], "lifespan": ["moderate"], "cover": [null], "competitive": [null], "weedy": [null], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["moderate"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "GETR", "photo": [ ["Geum_triflorum_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Randall C. 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["rapid"], "survival": [null], "lifespan": ["short"], "cover": [null], "competitive": [null], "weedy": [null], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "HISC2", "photo": [ ["Hieracium_scouleri_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Julie Kierstead"] ], "scientific_name": ["Hieracium scouleri<\/i> Hook."], "common_name": ["Scouler's woollyweed"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Liberty", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils"], "min_pH": [6.5], "max_pH": [7.8], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [8000] }, "habitat": [ ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": [], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": [null], "tolerates": ["drought", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["high"], "germination_rate": ["moderate", "slow"], "germination_requirements": ["none"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds", "vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [6], "last_bloom_month": [9], "max_plant_height_ft": ["2"], "flower_color": ["yellow"], "establishment": ["moderate"], "growth_rate": ["moderate"], "survival": [null], "lifespan": ["moderate"], "cover": ["low"], "competitive": [false], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["moderate"] }, "commercial_products": [ [null] ], "notes": ["USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "HODI", "photo": [ ["Holodiscus_discolor_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Julie Kierstead"] ], "scientific_name": ["Holodiscus discolor<\/i> (Pursh) Maxim."], "common_name": ["oceanspray"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Holodiscus boursieri<\/i> (Carrière) Rehder"], ["Holodiscus discolor<\/i> (Pursh) Maxim. var. ariaefolius<\/i> (Sm.) Asch. & Graebn."], ["Holodiscus discolor<\/i> (Pursh) Maxim. var. delnortensis<\/i> Ley"], ["Holodiscus discolor<\/i> (Pursh) Maxim. var. franciscanus<\/i> (Rydb.) Jeps."], ["Holodiscus discolor<\/i> (Pursh) Maxim. ssp. franciscanus<\/i> (Rydb.) Roy L. Taylor & MacBryde"], ["Holodiscus discolor<\/i> (Pursh) Maxim. var. glabrescens<\/i> (Greenm.) Jeps."], ["Holodiscus dumosus<\/i> (Nutt. ex Hook.) A. Heller var. australis<\/i> (A. Heller) Ley"], ["Holodiscus dumosus<\/i> (Nutt. ex Hook.) A. Heller var. glabrescens<\/i> (Greenm.) C.L. Hichc."], ["Holodiscus dumosus<\/i> (Nutt. ex Hook.) A. Heller ssp. saxicola<\/i> (A. Heller) Abrams"], ["Holodiscus glabrescens<\/i> (Greenm.) A. Heller"], ["Holodiscus microphyllus<\/i> Rydb."], ["Holodiscus microphyllus<\/i> Rydb. var. glabrescens<\/i> (Greenm.) Ley"], ["Holodiscus microphyllus<\/i> Rydb. var. microphyllus <\/i>"], ["Holodiscus microphyllus<\/i> Rydb. var. sericeus<\/i> Ley"], ["Holodiscus microphyllus<\/i> Rydb. var. typicus<\/i> Ley"], ["Sericotheca discolor<\/i> (Pursh) Rydb."], ["Spiraea discolor<\/i> Pursh"] ], "other_common_names": [ [null], ["rock spiraea"] ], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["shrub"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Carbon", "Flathead", "Glacier", "Lake", "Lincoln", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Park", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Sanders", "Stillwater", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Flathead Reservation", "Kootenai Territory", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils"], "min_pH": [6.5], "max_pH": [7.5], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [6000] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["post fire restoration"], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", "small mammals"], "habitat": ["deer", "small mammals", "game birds"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun", "partial"], "seral_stage": ["early", "mid", "late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "drought", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["low"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["cold moist stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [6], "last_bloom_month": [8], "max_plant_height_ft": ["12"], "flower_color": ["white"], "establishment": [null], "growth_rate": ["slow"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["moderate", "long"], "cover": ["low"], "competitive": [null], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [false], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"], ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "ILRI", "photo": [ ["Iliamna_rivularis_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Robert L. Carr"] ], "scientific_name": ["Iliamna rivularis<\/i> (Douglas ex Hook.) Greene"], "common_name": ["streambank wild hollyhock"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Broadwater", "Cascade", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Park", "Pondera", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Sanders", "Teton", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Flathead Reservation", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["loam", "silt"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "alakaline soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [6], "max_pH": [8.5], "min_elevation_ft": [2500], "max_elevation_ft": [8000] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", "livestock"], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": ["early"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "flooding", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["high"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["boiling for 120s then stratification", "scarification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": ["long"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [6], "last_bloom_month": [8], "max_plant_height_ft": ["6"], "flower_color": ["white", "pink", "purple"], "establishment": ["moderate"], "growth_rate": ["moderate"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["long"], "cover": [null], "competitive": [false], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [false], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"], ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "IPAG", "photo": [ ["Ipomopsis_aggregata_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Tanya Harvey"] ], "scientific_name": ["Ipomopsis aggregata<\/i> (Pursh) V.E. Grant"], "common_name": ["scarlet gilia"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"], ["biennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [6] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Broadwater", "Custer", "Jefferson", "Madison", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Ravalli", "Sanders", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "sand"], "soil_condition": ["dry soils", "alakaline soils"], "min_pH": [7], "max_pH": [8.5], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [7000] }, "habitat": [ ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["coal mine tailing revegetation"], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", "song birds", "livestock"], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": ["mid"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "drought"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["high"], "germination_rate": ["moderate", "slow"], "germination_requirements": ["cold moist stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [8], "last_bloom_month": [10], "max_plant_height_ft": ["3"], "flower_color": ["red"], "establishment": ["moderate"], "growth_rate": [null], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["moderate"], "cover": [null], "competitive": [null], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [false], "toxicity": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["moderate"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"], ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "IRMI", "photo": [ ["Iris_missouriensis_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Tanya Harvey"] ], "scientific_name": ["Iris missouriensis<\/i> Nutt."], "common_name": ["Rocky Mountain iris"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Iris longipetala<\/i> Herb."], ["Iris missouriensis<\/i> Nutt. var. arizonica<\/i> (Dykes) R.C. Foster"], ["Iris missouriensis<\/i> Nutt. var. pelogonus<\/i> (Goodding) R.C. Foster"], ["Iris pariensis<\/i> S.L. Welsh"], ["Iris tolmieana<\/i> Herb."] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["warm"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [10] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lewis and Clark", "Liberty", "Madison", "Meagher", "Park", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powell", "Rosebud", "Silver Bow", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Wheatland", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "alakaline soils"], "min_pH": [7], "max_pH": [8.5], "min_elevation_ft": [2500], "max_elevation_ft": [8500] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["song birds"], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun", "partial"], "seral_stage": [null], "tolerates": ["flooding", "drought", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["moderate"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["cold moist stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds", "vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": ["long"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [5], "last_bloom_month": [6], "max_plant_height_ft": ["2"], "flower_color": ["purple", "blue"], "establishment": ["high"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": [null], "lifespan": ["short"], "cover": [null], "competitive": [null], "weedy": [true], "genetics": [false], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["low"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "JUARL", "photo": [ ["Juncus_balticus_flickr.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Matt Lavin"] ], "scientific_name": ["Juncus arcticus<\/i> Willd. ssp. littoralis<\/i> (Engelm.) Hultén"], "common_name": ["mountain rush"], "indigenous_names": { "Northern Cheyenne": ["hoomá-vé?she-méenó?ė-stovėstse"] }, "other_scientific_names": [ ["Juncus arcticus<\/i> Willd. ssp. ater<\/i> (Rydb.) Hultén"], ["Juncus arcticus<\/i> Willd. ssp. balticus<\/i> (Willd.) Hyl."], ["Juncus arcticus<\/i> Willd. var. balticus<\/i> (Willd.) Trautv."], ["Juncus arcticus<\/i> Willd. var. littoralis<\/i> (Engelm.) B. Boivin"], ["Juncus arcticus<\/i> Willd. var. montanus<\/i> (Engelm.) S.L. Welsh"], ["Juncus ater<\/i> Rydb."], ["Juncus balticus<\/i> Willd."], ["Juncus balticus<\/i> Willd. var. balticus <\/i>"], ["Juncus balticus<\/i> Willd. var. littoralis<\/i> Engelm."], ["Juncus balticus<\/i> Willd. var. montanus<\/i> Engelm."], ["Juncus balticus<\/i> Willd. var. melanogenus<\/i> Fernald & Wiegand"], ["Juncus balticus<\/i> Willd. var. stenocarpus<\/i> Buchenau & Fernald"], ["Juncus balticus<\/i> Willd. var. vallicola<\/i> Rydb."] ], "other_common_names": [ [null], ["Baltic rush"], ["mountain rush"], ["valley rush"] ], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["graminoid"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Daniels", "Dawson", "Deer Lodge", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Prairie", "Ravalli", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Sheridan", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "alakaline soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [6], "max_pH": [9], "min_elevation_ft": [4000], "max_elevation_ft": [8500] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["oil sands mining", "streambank stablilzation"], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["bison", "waterfowl", "upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "livestock"], "habitat": ["waterfowl", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [true], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": ["early", "mid", "late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "flooding", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["moderate", "low"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["soaking"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds", "vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [3], "last_bloom_month": [8], "max_plant_height_ft": ["3"], "flower_color": ["green", "brown"], "establishment": ["moderate"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": ["moderate"], "lifespan": ["long"], "cover": ["low", "moderate"], "competitive": [null], "weedy": [null], "genetics": [false], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "JUEN", "photo": [ ["Juncus_ensifolius_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["B. Newhouse"] ], "scientific_name": ["Juncus ensifolius<\/i> Wikstr."], "common_name": ["swordleaf rush"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Juncus ensifolius<\/i> Wikstr. var. major<\/i> Hook."], ["Juncus xiphioides<\/i> E. Mey. var. triandrus<\/i> Engelm."] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["graminoid"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [1], [2] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Carbon", "Cascade", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Pondera", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "alakaline soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [6], "max_pH": [8], "min_elevation_ft": [400], "max_elevation_ft": [8000] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["streambank stabilization"], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["song birds", "small mammals"], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun", "partial"], "seral_stage": ["early", "late"], "tolerates": ["flooding", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["high"], "germination_rate": ["moderate", "slow"], "germination_requirements": ["none"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds", "vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": ["long"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [5], "last_bloom_month": [8], "max_plant_height_ft": ["2"], "flower_color": ["red", "green", "brown"], "establishment": ["high"], "growth_rate": ["moderate"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["long"], "cover": [null], "competitive": [null], "weedy": [true], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"], ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "Montana Field Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "JUHO2", "photo": [ ["Juniperus_horizontalis_flickr.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["James St. John"] ], "scientific_name": ["Juniperus horizontalis<\/i> Moench"], "common_name": ["creeping juniper"], "indigenous_names": { "Northern Cheyenne": ["évoneeshenose’-shésstoto ?e"] }, "other_scientific_names": [ ["Juniperus horizontalis<\/i> Moench var. argentea<\/i> hort."], ["Juniperus horizontalis<\/i> Moench var. douglasii<\/i> hort."], ["Juniperus horizontalis<\/i> Moench var. glauca<\/i> Hornibr."], ["Juniperus horizontalis<\/i> Moench var. variegata<\/i> Beissn."], ["Juniperus hudsonica<\/i> Forbes"], ["Juniperus prostrata<\/i> Pers."], ["Juniperus repens<\/i> Nutt."], ["Juniperus virginiana<\/i> L. var. prostrata<\/i> (Pers.) Torr."], ["Sabina horizontalis<\/i> (Moench) Rydb."], ["Sabina prostrata<\/i> (Pers.) 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Carr"] ], "scientific_name": ["Juniperus scopulorum<\/i> Sarg."], "common_name": ["Rocky Mountain juniper"], "indigenous_names": { "Northern Cheyenne": ["ve’?eve’-sh&toto?e"] }, "other_scientific_names": [ ["Juniperus scopulorum<\/i> Sarg. var. columnaris<\/i> Fassett"], ["Juniperus virginiana<\/i> L. var. montana<\/i> Vasey"], ["Juniperus virginiana<\/i> L. ssp. scopulorum<\/i> (Sarg.) A.E. Murray"], ["Juniperus virginiana<\/i> L. var. scopulorum<\/i> (Sarg.) Lemmon"], ["Sabina scopulorum<\/i> (Sarg.) 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Meeuse & Smit"], "common_name": ["winterfat"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Ceratoides lanata<\/i> (Pursh) J.T. Howell"], ["Ceratoides lanata<\/i> (Pursh) J.T. Howell var. ruinina<\/i> S.L. Welsh"], ["Ceratoides lanata<\/i> (Pursh) J.T. Howell var. subspinosa<\/i> (Rydb.) J.T. Howell"], ["Eurotia lanata<\/i> (Pursh) Moq."], ["Eurotia lanata<\/i> (Pursh) Moq. var. subspinosa<\/i> (Rydb.) Kearney & Peebles"] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["shrub"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [5], [7] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Blaine", "Carbon", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Daniels", "Dawson", "Fallon", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Madison", "McCone", "Musselshell", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Powder River", "Powell", "Prairie", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Sheridan", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Treasure", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand"], "soil_condition": ["dry soils", "alakaline soils"], "min_pH": [6.6], "max_pH": [8.5], "min_elevation_ft": [3800], "max_elevation_ft": [5000] }, "habitat": [ ["rangeland/prairie"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["mine reclamation", "rangeland restoration"], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", "small mammals", "livestock"], "habitat": ["song birds", "small mammals", "game birds"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": ["early", "mid", "late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "drought", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["high"], "germination_rate": [null], "germination_requirements": ["none"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": ["short"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [3], "last_bloom_month": [6], "max_plant_height_ft": ["3"], "flower_color": ["white"], "establishment": ["high"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": ["moderate", "high"], "lifespan": ["long"], "cover": ["medium"], "competitive": [null], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [true], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["moderate", "high"] }, "commercial_products": [ [null] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "LAOC", "photo": [ ["Larix_occidentalis_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Gabriel E. Campbell"] ], "scientific_name": ["Larix occidentalis<\/i> Nutt."], "common_name": ["western larch"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["tree"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Flathead", "Glacier", "Granite", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Pondera", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Sanders", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Kootenai Territory", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [6], "max_pH": [7], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [6500] }, "habitat": [ ["wetland"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", 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Carr"] ], "scientific_name": ["Lupinus sericeus<\/i> Pursh"], "common_name": ["silky lupine"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [20] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Missoula", "Park", "Petroleum", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Wheatland", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["loam", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["dry soils"], "min_pH": [7], "max_pH": [7.5], "min_elevation_ft": [2500], "max_elevation_ft": [9500] }, "habitat": [ ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds"], "habitat": ["song birds", "small mammals"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [true], "shade_tolerance": ["partial"], "seral_stage": ["early", "late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "flooding", "drought"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["moderate", "high"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["hot water scarification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": ["long"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [6], "last_bloom_month": [8], "max_plant_height_ft": ["2"], "flower_color": ["purple", "blue"], "establishment": ["high"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": ["moderate"], "lifespan": ["short"], "cover": [null], "competitive": [null], "weedy": [null], "genetics": [true], "toxicity": [true], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["low"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "MAST4", "photo": [ ["Maianthemum_stellatum_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Randall C. 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Morong"] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Daniels", "Dawson", "Deer Lodge", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Liberty", "Lincoln", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Prairie", "Ravalli", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Sheridan", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Treasure", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [5], "max_pH": [7], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [8000] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["upland game", "game birds", "livestock"], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["shade", "partial"], "seral_stage": ["early", "mid", "late"], "tolerates": ["fire", "drought", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": [null], "germination_rate": [null], "germination_requirements": ["cold moist stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [5], "last_bloom_month": [6], "max_plant_height_ft": ["2"], "flower_color": ["white"], "establishment": [null], "growth_rate": ["moderate"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": [null], "cover": ["high"], "competitive": [null], "weedy": [null], "genetics": [false], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": [null] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "MEAR4", "photo": [ ["Mentha_arvensis_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Keir Morse"] ], "scientific_name": ["Mentha arvensis<\/i> L."], "common_name": ["wild mint"], "indigenous_names": { "Salish": ["X̣nx̣néłp"] }, "other_scientific_names": [ ["Mentha arvensis<\/i> L. ssp. borealis<\/i> (Michx.) Roy L. Taylor & MacBryde"], ["Mentha arvensis<\/i> L. var. canadensis<\/i> (L.) Kuntze"], ["Mentha arvensis<\/i> L. var. glabrata<\/i> (Benth.) Fernald"], ["Mentha arvensis<\/i> L. ssp. haplocalyx<\/i> Briq."], ["Mentha arvensis<\/i> L. var. lanata<\/i> Piper"], ["Mentha arvensis<\/i> L. ssp. parietariifolia<\/i> (Becker) Briq."], ["Mentha arvensis<\/i> L. var. sativa<\/i> auct. non Benth."], ["Mentha arvensis<\/i> L. var. villosa<\/i> (Benth.) S.R. Stewart"], ["Mentha canadensis<\/i> L."], ["Mentha gentilis<\/i> L."], ["Mentha glabrior<\/i> (Hook.) Rydb."], ["Mentha penardii<\/i> (Briq.) Rydb."] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Daniels", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Sheridan", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Treasure", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [5], "max_pH": [7], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [8000] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["rangeland/prairie"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["wastewater remediation", "landfill revegetation"], "pollinators": [true], "forage": [], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": ["Co", "Cu", "Pb"], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["shade", "partial"], "seral_stage": [null], "tolerates": ["flooding", "erosion", "heavy metals"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": [null], "germination_rate": ["fast"], "germination_requirements": ["cold stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [6], "last_bloom_month": [7], "max_plant_height_ft": ["2.5"], "flower_color": ["white"], "establishment": ["moderate"], "growth_rate": ["moderate"], "survival": ["moderate"], "lifespan": ["short"], "cover": ["high"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [true], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [true], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["moderate", "high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "MELA2", "photo": [ ["Mentzelia_laevicaulis_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Gerald D. Carr"] ], "scientific_name": ["Mentzelia laevicaulis<\/i> (Hook.) Torr. & A. Gray"], "common_name": ["smoothstem blazingstar"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["biennial"] ], "season": [ ["warm"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [4], [6] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Fergus", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Granite", "Lewis and Clark", "McCone", "Missoula", "Park", "Phillips", "Powell", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Treasure", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["dry soils", "alakaline soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [5.8], "max_pH": [9.6], "min_elevation_ft": [2500], "max_elevation_ft": [6500] }, "habitat": [ ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["rangeland restoration"], "pollinators": [true], "forage": [], "habitat": ["small mammals"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": ["Pb", "Zn"], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": [null], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "drought"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["moderate"], "germination_rate": ["slow", "moderate"], "germination_requirements": ["cold moist stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [6], "last_bloom_month": [8], "max_plant_height_ft": ["3"], "flower_color": ["yellow"], "establishment": [null], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": [null], "lifespan": ["short"], "cover": [null], "competitive": [false], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [false], "toxicity": [null], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": [null] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "MIGU", "photo": [ ["Mimulus_guttatus_wikimedia.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Walter Seigmund"] ], "scientific_name": ["Mimulus guttatus<\/i> DC."], "common_name": ["seep monkeyflower"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Mimulus arvensis<\/i> Greene"], ["Mimulus bakeri<\/i> Gandog."], ["Mimulus brachystylis<\/i> Edwin"], ["Mimulus clementinus<\/i> Greene"], ["Mimulus cordatus<\/i> Greene"], ["Mimulus cuspidata<\/i> Greene"], ["Mimulus decorus<\/i> (A.L. Grant) Suksd."], ["Mimulus equinnus<\/i> Greene"], ["Mimulus glareosus<\/i> Greene"], ["Mimulus glabratus<\/i> Kunth var. ascendens<\/i> A. Gray"], ["Mimulus grandis<\/i> (Greene) A. Heller"], ["Mimulus grandiflorus<\/i> J.T. Howell"], ["Mimulus guttatus<\/i> DC. ssp. arenicola<\/i> Pennell"], ["Mimulus guttatus<\/i> DC. ssp. arvensis<\/i> (Greene) Munz"], ["Mimulus guttatus<\/i> DC. var. arvensis<\/i> (Greene) A.L. Grant"], ["Mimulus guttatus<\/i> DC. var. decorus<\/i> A.L. Grant"], ["Mimulus guttatus<\/i> DC. var. depauperatus<\/i> (A. Gray) A.L. Grant"], ["Mimulus guttatus<\/i> DC. var. grandis<\/i> Greene"], ["Mimulus guttatus<\/i> DC. var. gracilis<\/i> (A. Gray) G.R. Campb."], ["Mimulus guttatus<\/i> DC. ssp. haidensis<\/i> Calder & Roy L. Taylor"], ["Mimulus guttatus<\/i> DC. var. hallii<\/i> (Greene) A.L. Grant"], ["Mimulus guttatus<\/i> DC. var. insignis<\/i> Greene"], ["Mimulus guttatus<\/i> DC. ssp. litoralis<\/i> Pennell"], ["Mimulus guttatus<\/i> DC. var. lyratus<\/i> (Benth.) Pennell ex M. Peck"], ["Mimulus guttatus<\/i> DC. var. laxus<\/i> (Pennell ex M. Peck) M. Peck"], ["Mimulus guttatus<\/i> DC. ssp. micranthus<\/i> (A. Heller) Munz"], ["Mimulus guttatus<\/i> DC. var. microphyllus<\/i> (Benth.) Pennell ex M. Peck"], ["Mimulus guttatus<\/i> DC. var. nasutus<\/i> (Greene) Jeps."], ["Mimulus guttatus<\/i> DC. var. puberulus<\/i> (Greene ex Rydb.) A.L. Grant"], ["Mimulus guttatus<\/i> DC. ssp. scouleri<\/i> (Hook.) Pennell"], ["Mimulus hallii<\/i> Greene"], ["Mimulus hirsutus<\/i> J.T. Howell"], ["Mimulus laxus<\/i> Pennell ex M. Peck"], ["Mimulus langsdorffii<\/i> Donn ex Greene"], ["Mimulus langsdorffii<\/i> Donn ex Greene var. argutus<\/i> Greene"], ["Mimulus langsdorffii<\/i> Donn ex Greene var. arvensis<\/i> (Greene) Jeps."], ["Mimulus langsdorffii<\/i> Donn ex Greene var. californicus<\/i> Jeps."], ["Mimulus langsdorffii<\/i> Donn ex Greene var. grandis<\/i> (Greene) Greene"], ["Mimulus langsdorffii<\/i> Donn ex Greene var. guttatus<\/i> (DC.) Jeps."], ["Mimulus langsdorffii<\/i> Donn ex Greene var. insignis<\/i> (Greene) A.L. Grant"], ["Mimulus langsdorffii<\/i> Donn ex Greene var. microphyllus<\/i> (Benth.) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr."], ["Mimulus langsdorffii<\/i> Donn ex Greene var. minimus<\/i> Henry"], ["Mimulus langsdorffii<\/i> Donn ex Greene var. nasutus<\/i> (Greene) Jeps."], ["Mimulus langsdorffii<\/i> Donn ex Greene var. platyphyllus<\/i> Greene"], ["Mimulus longulus<\/i> Greene"], ["Mimulus luteus<\/i> L. var. depauperatus<\/i> A. Gray"], ["Mimulus luteus<\/i> L. var. gracilis<\/i> A. Gray"], ["Mimulus lyratus<\/i> Benth."], ["Mimulus maguirei<\/i> Pennell"], ["Mimulus marmoratus<\/i> Greene"], ["Mimulus micranthus<\/i> A. Heller"], ["Mimulus microphyllus<\/i> Benth."], ["Mimulus nasutus<\/i> Greene"], ["Mimulus nasutus<\/i> Greene var. micranthus<\/i> (A. Heller) A.L. Grant"], ["Mimulus parishii<\/i> Gandog., non Greene"], ["Mimulus paniculatus<\/i> Greene"], ["Mimulus pardalis<\/i> Pennell"], ["Mimulus petiolaris<\/i> Greene"], ["Mimulus procerus<\/i> Greene"], ["Mimulus prionophyllus<\/i> Greene"], ["Mimulus puberulus<\/i> Greene ex Rydb."], ["Mimulus puncticalyx<\/i> Gandog."], ["Mimulus rivularis<\/i> Nutt."], ["Mimulus scouleri<\/i> Hook."], ["Mimulus sookensis<\/i> B.G. Benedict, J.L. Modliszewski, A.L. Sweigart, N.H. Martin, F.R. Ganders, & J.H. Willis"], ["Mimulus subreniformis<\/i> Greene"], ["Mimulus tenellus<\/i> Nutt. ex A. Gray"], ["Mimulus thermalis<\/i> A. Nelson"], ["Mimulus unimaculatus<\/i> Pennell"] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["annual"], ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Park", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Wheatland", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "alakaline soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [5], "max_pH": [8], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [8500] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["copper mine reclamation"], "pollinators": [true], "forage": [], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": ["Cu", "Pb", "Ni", "Zn"], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["shade"], "seral_stage": [null], "tolerates": ["flooding", "erosion", "heavy metals"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["high"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["none"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [3], "last_bloom_month": [8], "max_plant_height_ft": ["2.5"], "flower_color": ["yellow"], "establishment": ["moderate"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": [null], "lifespan": ["short"], "cover": [null], "competitive": [null], "weedy": [null], "genetics": [true], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"], ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "MOFI", "photo": [ ["Monarda_fistulosa_wikimedia.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Eric Hunt"] ], "scientific_name": ["Monarda fistulosa<\/i> L."], "common_name": ["wild bergamot"], "indigenous_names": { "Salish": ["Titw̓ i // tiitw̓ i"] }, "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [2.5] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Dawson", "Deer Lodge", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Liberty", "Lincoln", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Prairie", "Ravalli", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Treasure", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "alakaline soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [6], "max_pH": [8], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [8500] }, "habitat": [ ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["song birds"], "habitat": ["bison", "song birds"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["partial"], "seral_stage": [null], "tolerates": ["erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["high"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["cold moist stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds", "vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [5], "last_bloom_month": [9], "max_plant_height_ft": ["5"], "flower_color": ["white", "pink", "purple"], "establishment": ["moderate"], "growth_rate": ["moderate"], "survival": [null], "lifespan": ["moderate"], "cover": [null], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [null], "genetics": [true], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"], ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "OECA10", "photo": [ ["Oenothera_caespitosa_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Gabriel Campbell"] ], "scientific_name": ["Oenothera caespitosa<\/i> Nutt."], "common_name": ["tufted evening primrose"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Oenothera cespitosa<\/i> Nutt., orth. var. "] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [2] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Daniels", "Dawson", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Glacier", "Hill", "Judith Basin", "Lewis and Clark", "Liberty", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Powder River", "Prairie", "Ravalli", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["dry soils", "alakaline soils"], "min_pH": [6.5], "max_pH": [8], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [8500] }, "habitat": [ ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": [null], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["song birds"], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": [null], "tolerates": ["flooding", "drought"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["high"], "germination_rate": ["fast"], "germination_requirements": ["cold stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [4], "last_bloom_month": [8], "max_plant_height_ft": ["0.5"], "flower_color": ["white"], 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Presl"], "common_name": ["Sandberg bluegrass"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Festuca oregona<\/i> Vasey"], ["Poa ampla<\/i> Merr."], ["Poa brachyglossa<\/i> Piper"], ["Poa buckleyana<\/i> Nash"], ["Poa canbyi<\/i> (Scribn.) Howell"], ["Poa confusa<\/i> Rydb."], ["Poa englishii<\/i> H. St. John & Hardin"], ["Poa gracillima<\/i> Vasey"], ["Poa gracillima<\/i> Vasey var. multnomae<\/i> (Piper) C.L. Hitchc."], ["Poa incurva<\/i> Scribn. & T.A. Williams"], ["Poa juncifolia<\/i> Scribn."], ["Poa juncifolia<\/i> Scribn. var. ampla<\/i> (Merr.) Dorn"], ["Poa juncifolia<\/i> Scribn. var. juncifolia <\/i>"], ["Poa juncifolia<\/i> Scribn. ssp. porteri<\/i> D.D. Keck"], ["Poa laevigata<\/i> Scribn."], ["Poa nevadensis<\/i> Vasey ex Scribn."], ["Poa nevadensis<\/i> Vasey ex Scribn. var. juncifolia<\/i> (Scribn.) Beetle"], ["Poa orcuttiana<\/i> Vasey"], ["Poa sandbergii<\/i> Vasey"], ["Poa scabrella<\/i> (Thurb.) Benth. ex Vasey"], ["Poa secunda<\/i> J. Presl var. elongata<\/i> (Vasey) Dorn"], ["Poa secunda<\/i> J. Presl var. incurva<\/i> (Scribn. & T.A. Williams) Beetle"], ["Poa secunda<\/i> J. Presl ssp. juncifolia<\/i> (Scribn.) Soreng"], ["Poa secunda<\/i> J. Presl var. stenophylla<\/i> (Vasey) Beetle"], ["Poa secunda<\/i> J. Presl ssp. secunda <\/i>"], ["Poa stenantha<\/i> Trin. var. sandbergii<\/i> (Vasey) B. Boivin"] ], "other_common_names": [ [null], ["one-sided bluegrass"] ], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["graminoid"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ [2] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Daniels", "Dawson", "Deer Lodge", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Liberty", "Lincoln", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Prairie", "Ravalli", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Sheridan", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Treasure", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["dry soils", "alakaline soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [6], "max_pH": [8], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [10000] }, "habitat": [ ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["copper mine reclamation"], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["pronghorn", "upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds", "livestock"], "habitat": ["song birds", "small mammals", "game birds"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": ["Cu"], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["partial"], "seral_stage": ["mid"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "drought", "erosion", "heavy metals"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["moderate", "high"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["none"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds", "vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [4], "last_bloom_month": [5], "max_plant_height_ft": ["4"], "flower_color": ["yellow"], "establishment": ["high"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["moderate"], "cover": ["high"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "POAN3", "photo": [ ["Populus_angustifolia_flickr.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Matt Lavin"] ], "scientific_name": ["Populus angustifolia<\/i> James"], "common_name": ["narrowleaf cottonwood"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Populus balsamifera<\/i> L. var. angustifolia<\/i> (James) S. Watson"], ["Populus canadensis<\/i> Moench var. angustifolia<\/i> (James) Wesmael"], ["Populus fortissima<\/i> A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr."], ["Populus salicifolia<\/i> Raf."], ["Populus ×sennii<\/i> B. Boivin"], ["Populus tweedyi<\/i> Britton"] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["warm"] ], "functional_group": [ ["tree"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Liberty", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [6], "max_pH": [7.5], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [6500] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["streambank stabilization"], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", "small mammals", "livestock"], "habitat": ["bison", "waterfowl", "upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [true], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": [null], "tolerates": ["fire", "flooding", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["high"], "germination_rate": ["fast"], "germination_requirements": ["none"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds", "vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": ["short"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [5], "last_bloom_month": [6], "max_plant_height_ft": ["60"], "flower_color": ["white"], "establishment": ["high"], "growth_rate": ["slow"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["long"], "cover": ["high"], "competitive": [false], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [false], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "POTR5", "photo": [ ["Populus_tremuloides_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Gabriel Campbell"] ], "scientific_name": ["Populus tremuloides<\/i> Michx."], "common_name": ["quaking aspen"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Populus aurea<\/i> Tidestr."], ["Populus cercidiphylla<\/i> Britton"], ["Populus ×polygonifolia<\/i> Bernard"], ["Populus tremuloides<\/i> Michx. var. aurea<\/i> (Tidestr.) Daniels"], ["Populus tremuloides<\/i> Michx. var. cercidiphylla<\/i> (Britton) Sudw."], ["Populus tremuloides<\/i> Michx. var. intermedia<\/i> Vict."], ["Populus tremuloides<\/i> Michx. var. magnifica<\/i> Vict."], ["Populus tremuloides<\/i> Michx. var. rhomboidea<\/i> Vict."], ["Populus tremula<\/i> L. ssp. tremuloides<\/i> (Michx.) Á. Löve & D. Löve"], ["Populus tremuloides<\/i> Michx. var. vancouveriana<\/i> (Trel.) Sarg."], ["Populus vancouveriana<\/i> Trel."] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["tree"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Deer Lodge", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Lincoln", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Prairie", "Ravalli", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Sheridan", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "alakaline soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [4.3], "max_pH": [9], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [8000] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["riparian restoration", "mine reclamation", "reforestation"], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", "small mammals", "game birds", "livestock"], "habitat": ["bison", "waterfowl", "upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": ["Al", "Cd", "Cu", "Pb", "Zn", "Mn", "Cr", "Ni"], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [true], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": ["early", "mid"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "flooding", "erosion", "heavy metals"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["high"], "germination_rate": ["fast"], "germination_requirements": ["none"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds", "vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": ["short"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [3], "last_bloom_month": [6], "max_plant_height_ft": ["48"], "flower_color": ["white"], "establishment": ["low"], "growth_rate": ["slow"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["long"], "cover": ["high"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [true], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "POBAT", "photo": [ ["Populus_balsamifera_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Gabriel Campbell"] ], "scientific_name": ["Populus balsamifera<\/i> L. ssp. trichocarpa<\/i> (Torr. & A. Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw"], "common_name": ["black cottonwood"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Populus balsamifera<\/i> L. var. californica<\/i> S. Watson"], ["Populus hastata<\/i> Dode p.p."], ["Populus trichocarpa<\/i> Torr. & A. Gray ex Hook."], ["Populus trichocarpa<\/i> Torr. & A. Gray ex Hook. var. cupulata<\/i> S. Watson"], ["Populus trichocarpa<\/i> Torr. & A. Gray ex Hook. ssp. hastata<\/i> (Dode) Dode p.p."], ["Populus trichocarpa<\/i> Torr. & A. Gray ex Hook. var. hastata<\/i> (Dode) A. Henry p.p."], ["Populus trichocarpa<\/i> Torr. & A. Gray ex Hook. var. ingrata<\/i> (Jeps.) Jeps."] ], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["tree"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Liberty", "Lincoln", "Madison", "McCone", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Park", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powder River", "Powell", "Prairie", "Ravalli", "Rosebud", "Sanders", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "dry soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [4.5], "max_pH": [7], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [7500] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["mine reclamation"], "pollinators": [false], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "livestock"], "habitat": ["bison", "waterfowl", "upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "game birds"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": ["Zn"], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [true], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": ["early", "mid"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "flooding", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["high"], "germination_rate": ["fast"], "germination_requirements": ["none"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds", "vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": ["short"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [4], "last_bloom_month": [5], "max_plant_height_ft": ["100"], "flower_color": ["white"], "establishment": ["moderate"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["long"], "cover": ["high"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [false], "toxicity": [true], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"], ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "DAFR6", "photo": [ ["Potentilla_fruticosa_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Gabriel Campbell"] ], "scientific_name": ["Dasiphora fruticosa<\/i> (L.) Rydb."], "common_name": ["shrubby cinquefoil"], "indigenous_names": [], "other_scientific_names": [ ["Potentilla fruticosa<\/i> L."] ], "other_common_names": [ ["bush cinquefoil"], ["golden hardhack"], ["shrubby cinquefoil"], ["widdy"] ], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["cool"] ], "functional_group": [ ["shrub"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Beaverhead", "Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Daniels", "Dawson", "Deer Lodge", "Fergus", "Flathead", "Gallatin", "Glacier", "Golden Valley", "Granite", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lake", "Lewis and Clark", "Liberty", "Lincoln", "Madison", "Meagher", "Mineral", "Missoula", "Musselshell", "Park", "Phillips", "Pondera", "Powell", "Ravalli", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Sanders", "Sheridan", "Silver Bow", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Toole", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Blackfeet Reservation", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Flathead Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Kootenai Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "silt", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["moist soils", "alakaline soils", "acidic soils"], "min_pH": [5.5], "max_pH": [8], "min_elevation_ft": [2500], "max_elevation_ft": [9500] }, "habitat": [ ["riparian"], ["wetland"], ["rangeland/prairie"], ["montaine/subalpine/forested"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["oil spill reclamation", "mine reclamation"], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "livestock"], "habitat": [] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": ["Cd", "Cu", "Pb", "Zn"], "enhances_fire": [true], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun", "partial"], "seral_stage": ["early", "mid", "late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "flooding", "drought", "erosion", "heavy metals"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["moderate", "high"], "germination_rate": [null], "germination_requirements": ["cold stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds"], "seed_longevity": ["long"] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [6], "last_bloom_month": [11], "max_plant_height_ft": ["6.5"], "flower_color": ["yellow"], "establishment": ["low"], "growth_rate": ["slow"], "survival": ["high"], "lifespan": ["long"], "cover": ["low", "high"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [true], "genetics": [false], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [true], "reproduction_rate": ["low", "high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"], ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "POGR9", "photo": [ ["Potentilla_gracilis_oregonflora.org.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Gerald D. 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Á. Löve & D. 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[true], "forage": ["upland game", "deer", "small mammals"], "habitat": ["song birds", "small mammals", "game birds"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [false], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["partial"], "seral_stage": ["early", "mid"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "fire", "drought", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["high"], "germination_rate": [null], "germination_requirements": ["cold stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds", "vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [5], "last_bloom_month": [8], "max_plant_height_ft": ["6"], "flower_color": ["white"], "establishment": ["low"], "growth_rate": ["rapid"], "survival": ["moderate"], "lifespan": ["short"], "cover": ["low"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [false], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"], ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA NRCS Plant Guide<\/a>", "University of Washington Plant Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Montana Native Plant Society Recommended Species<\/a>"] }, { "usda_symbol": "YUGL", "photo": [ ["Yucca_glauca_flickr.jpg"] ], "photographer": [ ["Matt Lavin"] ], "scientific_name": ["Yucca glauca<\/i> Nutt."], "common_name": ["soapweed yucca"], "indigenous_names": { "Northern Cheyenne": ["hesta’hpand ?e"] }, "other_scientific_names": [], "other_common_names": [], "lifecycle": [ ["perennial"] ], "season": [ ["evergreen"] ], "functional_group": [ ["forb"], ["shrub"] ], "seeding_rate_lbs_per_acre": [ ["NA"] ], "location": ["Big Horn", "Blaine", "Broadwater", "Carbon", "Carter", "Cascade", "Chouteau", "Custer", "Dawson", "Fallon", "Fergus", "Gallatin", "Garfield", "Golden Valley", "Hill", "Jefferson", "Judith Basin", "Lewis and Clark", "Madison", "McCone", "Musselshell", "Petroleum", "Phillips", "Powder River", "Prairie", "Richland", "Roosevelt", "Rosebud", "Stillwater", "Sweet Grass", "Teton", "Treasure", "Valley", "Wheatland", "Wibaux", "Yellowstone", "Assiniboine Territory", "Blackfeet and Gros Ventre Territory", "Crow Territory", "Crow Reservation", "Fort Belknap Reservation", "Fort Peck Reservation", "Hidatsa, Mandan & Arikara Territory", "Little Shell Chippewa Tribal Capital", "Northern Cheyenne Reservation", "Pend d'Oreille & Salish Territory", "Sioux Territory"], "site_conditions": { "texture": ["clay", "loam", "sand", "gravel"], "soil_condition": ["dry soils", "alakaline soils"], "min_pH": [7], "max_pH": [8.5], "min_elevation_ft": [2000], "max_elevation_ft": [5000] }, "habitat": [ ["rangeland/prairie"], ["sagebrush/steppe"] ], "restoration_goals": { "reclamation_restoration_use": ["mine reclamation"], "pollinators": [true], "forage": ["bison", "pronghorn", "upland game", "deer", "song birds", "small mammals", "livestock"], "habitat": ["song birds", "small mammals"] }, "management_considerations": { "heavy_metals": [null], "enhances_fire": [null], "n_fixation": [false], "shade_tolerance": ["full sun"], "seral_stage": ["early", "late"], "tolerates": ["disturbance", "drought", "erosion"] }, "germination_information": { "germination_overall": ["moderate", "high"], "germination_rate": ["slow"], "germination_requirements": ["stratification"], "primary_propogation_type": ["seeds", "vegetatively"], "seed_longevity": [null] }, "plant_characteristics": { "first_bloom_month": [6], "last_bloom_month": [8], "max_plant_height_ft": ["3"], "flower_color": ["white"], "establishment": ["high"], "growth_rate": ["moderate"], "survival": ["moderate"], "lifespan": ["short"], "cover": ["low"], "competitive": [true], "weedy": [false], "genetics": [null], "toxicity": [false], "enhances_fire": [null], "reproduction_rate": ["high"] }, "commercial_products": [ ["seeds"], ["nursery plant"] ], "notes": ["Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)<\/a>", "USDA Plant Profile<\/a>", "RNGR Propagation Protocol<\/a>", "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center<\/a>"] } ]